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Skills this practice test covers
- Change the default GRUB 2 entry and add kernel boot parameters that last across reboots.
- Set up dnf repositories, work with dnf modules, and apply Ksplice updates with the uptrack commands.
- Grow LVM volumes and XFS filesystems online, and rebuild software RAID arrays with mdadm.
- Write firewalld rich rules, nftables filters and SELinux port contexts for a new service.
- Trace slow or failing systems with sar, iostat, strace, ss and journalctl.
- Run Podman containers and record security events with persistent auditctl rules.
Explore related topics
1Z0-106 exam content
21 domains · 79 topics · 205 of 346 questions are written for 1Z0-106
Understanding and Configuring the Linux Boot Process and Service Administration12 questions
This domain follows a server from power-on to a running system. Candidates explain each boot stage, change the GRUB 2 menu and kernel boot parameters, and manage services with systemd.
Skills tested
- Describe the boot order from BIOS or UEFI through the bootloader, kernel and initramfs to systemd.
- Set the default GRUB 2 entry in /etc/default/grub and rebuild the menu with grub2-mkconfig.
- Add a kernel boot parameter for one boot only, or make it permanent.
- Manage services, their dependencies and target units with systemctl.
Questions by topic
- Analyzing the systemd boot process3
- Managing GRUB 2 default boot entries2
- Describe the configure systemd system and service manager3
- Describe the Linux boot process2
- Configure systemd system and service manager1
- Describe and configure kernel boot parameters1
Understanding System Configuration Options12 questions
This domain covers where Oracle Linux 8 keeps its settings and how to change them on a running system. It includes the /etc/sysconfig directory, the /proc and /sys filesystems, kernel parameters and system time.
Skills tested
- Find service and network settings in the /etc/sysconfig directory.
- Read process and hardware details from the /proc and /sys filesystems.
- Change kernel parameters with sysctl, and keep them in /etc/sysctl.d/ so they survive a reboot.
- Keep the clock accurate with chrony, NTP and PTP, and check it with timedatectl.
Questions by topic
- Configuring system time with chrony, NTP and PTP6
- Making kernel parameter changes persistent with sysctl2
- Configure and maintain kernel parameters using the /proc filesystem and the sysctl utility3
- Describe the /etc/sysconfig directory1
Installing and Maintaining Packages13 questions
Oracle Linux 8 installs software with dnf. Candidates define repositories and install, update and remove packages with the dnf utility.
Skills tested
- Add a repository file under /etc/yum.repos.d/ and check packages with GPG keys.
- Search for, install, update and remove packages and package groups.
- Review and undo past package changes with dnf history.
Questions by topic
- Configuring DNF repositories3
- Using dnf modules and application streams4
- Using the dnf utility2
- Use the dnf utility3
- Explain and configure dnf repositories1
Automating Tasks7 questions
This domain is about jobs that run without anyone at the keyboard. Candidates schedule repeating jobs with cron and anacron, and one-time jobs with the at and batch utilities.
Skills tested
- Write crontab entries with the right minute, hour, day, month and weekday fields.
- Use anacron for jobs on systems that are not always switched on.
- Queue one-time jobs with at and batch, then list and remove them with atq and atrm.
Questions by topic
- Configure cron and anacron jobs4
- Use the at and batch utilities3
Oracle Ksplice7 questions
Oracle Ksplice updates a running kernel in place, so a server gets security fixes and keeps running. Candidates describe how Ksplice is set up and use the Ksplice Uptrack commands.
Skills tested
- Explain how Ksplice changes kernel code in memory, so the system keeps running.
- Apply, list and remove updates with uptrack-upgrade, uptrack-show and uptrack-remove.
Questions by topic
- Ksplice concepts and configuration5
- Using Ksplice uptrack commands2
Managing Users and Groups12 questions
This domain covers local accounts. Candidates create and change users and groups, apply the user private group schema, and set password aging and hashing rules.
Skills tested
- Create, change and delete accounts with useradd, usermod and userdel, and groups with groupadd.
- Explain why each new user gets a private group of the same name.
- Set password aging with chage and the defaults in /etc/login.defs.
- Choose the hashing algorithm for the passwords stored in /etc/shadow.
Questions by topic
- Configuring password aging3
- Advanced group membership management3
- Configuring useradd defaults2
- Implement the user private group schema2
- Create, modify and delete user accounts and groups2
Managing Filesystems and Swap13 questions
This domain works at the partition and filesystem level. Candidates partition disks, create and manage ext, xfs and btrfs filesystems, and configure swap space.
Skills tested
- Create and change MBR and GPT partitions with fdisk, gdisk or parted.
- Build ext, xfs and btrfs filesystems and mount them at boot through /etc/fstab.
- Grow an XFS filesystem while it stays mounted.
- Add swap on a partition or in a swap file, and set its priority.
Questions by topic
- Resizing an XFS filesystem online3
- Create and manage Linux Filesystems - btrfs4
- Describe and configure swap space3
- Create and manage Linux Filesystems - ext, xfs, btrfs3
Managing Storage Devices11 questions
This domain adds flexible layers on top of disks. Candidates build and maintain LVM components and set up software RAID devices with the MD driver.
Skills tested
- Create physical volumes, volume groups and logical volumes, then resize them.
- Configure a striped logical volume and take an LVM snapshot.
- Create and monitor RAID 1, 5 and 10 arrays with mdadm and /etc/mdadm.conf.
Questions by topic
- Configuring LVM with striping3
- Managing software RAID with mdadm3
- Configure and maintain LVM components4
- Configure MD driver and software RAID devices1
Managing the Network Configuration7 questions
This domain covers everyday network setup. Candidates read the network configuration files, use NetworkManager, and work with the ip and nmcli utilities.
Skills tested
- Find interface settings in the ifcfg files under /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/.
- Create and change connection profiles with nmcli.
- Check addresses, links and routes with ip addr, ip link and ip route.
- Set the host name and name resolution in /etc/hostname, /etc/hosts and /etc/resolv.conf.
Questions by topic
- Use networking command line utilities - ip, nmcli6
- Describe and Use NetworkManager1
Using OpenSSH6 questions
This domain is about secure remote access. Candidates configure OpenSSH, log in with keys, copy files, and send ports and X11 programs through a tunnel.
Skills tested
- Create key pairs with ssh-keygen and set up key-based authentication.
- Copy files with scp and sftp, and harden the server in sshd_config.
- Forward a port through an SSH tunnel, and run a remote X11 program locally.
Questions by topic
- Describe OpenSSH concepts and configuration4
- Use Open-ssh commands (ssh, scp sftp and ssh-keygen) and ssh tunneling, x11 forwarded2
Managing Linux Security10 questions
This domain limits what a program can see and which packets get through. Candidates build a chroot jail and write packet filters with both firewalld and nftables.
Skills tested
- Build a chroot jail that confines a program to its own directory tree.
- Manage firewalld zones, services, ports and rich rules with firewall-cmd.
- Write nftables tables, chains and rules with the nft command.
Questions by topic
- Configuring firewalld with rich rules3
- Configuring nftables packet filters3
- Create and maintain a chroot jail3
- Configure firewalld packet filters1
Managing System Logging9 questions
This domain covers where log messages go and how long they are kept. Candidates configure rsyslog and log rotation, and query the systemd journal with journalctl.
Skills tested
- Route messages by facility and priority in rsyslog.conf, including to a remote log server.
- Rotate old logs on a schedule with logrotate and /etc/logrotate.conf.
- Make the journal persistent and filter its entries with journalctl.
Questions by topic
- Understanding systemd-journald persistence2
- Describe and configure rsyslog4
- Describe systemd-journald and use the journalctl utility3
Monitoring and Troubleshooting Linux15 questions
This domain is about finding the cause when a system is slow or failing. Candidates read performance data, trace processes, inspect network traffic and use the system logs.
Skills tested
- Compare CPU, memory and disk activity with top, mpstat, vmstat, iostat and iotop.
- Review past performance data with sar.
- Trace the system calls of a failing program with strace.
- Inspect sockets with ss and captured packets with Wireshark.
- Read kernel messages with dmesg and the logs in /var/log/messages and /var/log/secure.
Questions by topic
- Using troubleshooting utilities like strace3
- Analyzing historical performance data with sar3
- Use the iostat, mpstat, vmstat, sar, top, iotop, and strace utilities6
- Describe and use ss and wireshark2
- Describe the available operating system logs to assist in troubleshooting1
Managing Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)6 questions
PAM decides how programs check a user's identity. Candidates read the PAM configuration under /etc/pam.d/ and change the module stack to add rules such as password complexity.
Skills tested
- Explain the authentication stack and what each control flag does.
- Enforce password complexity and account lockout through PAM modules.
Questions by topic
- Configuring password complexity with pam_pwquality2
- Configuring PAM for access control2
- Configuring account lockout policies with PAM2
Advanced Networking11 questions
This domain joins and splits network links. Candidates bond interfaces for redundancy or bandwidth, and create VLANs that carry several networks over one link.
Skills tested
- Bond two interfaces in active-backup mode and test failover.
- Choose a bonding mode for redundancy or for load balancing.
- Create an 802.1Q VLAN interface with nmcli.
Questions by topic
- Configuring Network Bonding4
- Configuring Network Bonding with LACP3
- Describe and Configure Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs)3
- Describe and Configure Network Bonding1
Advanced Storage Administration9 questions
This domain adds finer control over files and devices. Candidates set access control lists, encrypt block devices with LUKS, and write udev rules.
Skills tested
- Give one extra user access to a file with setfacl, and check it with getfacl.
- Set default ACLs on a directory so new files inherit them.
- Encrypt a partition with cryptsetup and open it for use.
- Write a rule in /etc/udev/rules.d/ that gives a device a fixed name.
Questions by topic
- Creating Udev rules3
- Configuring Access Control Lists (ACLs)3
- Describe and configure encrypted block devices3
Managing File Sharing11 questions
This domain shares files between systems. Candidates run an NFS server and client, mount shares on demand with the automounter, and serve files over FTP with vsftpd.
Skills tested
- Export directories in /etc/exports and mount them on an NFS client.
- Configure autofs with direct and indirect maps in /etc/auto.master.
- Set up vsftpd for user logins or anonymous FTP, with its security settings.
Questions by topic
- Troubleshooting NFS server configuration2
- Configuring vsftpd2
- Describe, configure and maintain the automounter4
- Describe and configure vsftpd1
- Configure and maintain a NFS server and NFS client2
Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux)9 questions
SELinux adds mandatory access control on top of file permissions. Candidates set its modes, policies and booleans, and fix file labels and contexts when access is denied.
Skills tested
- Switch between enforcing and permissive modes with setenforce, and check with getenforce.
- Turn SELinux booleans on or off with setsebool, and list them with getsebool.
- Fix file contexts with semanage fcontext and restorecon, and view them with ls -Z.
Questions by topic
- Configuring SELinux file labeling and context3
- Managing SELinux port contexts3
- Describe and configure SELinux modes, policies, and booleans2
- Describe and configure SELinux file labeling, context, and users1
Control Groups (Cgroups)7 questions
Control groups limit how much CPU, memory and I/O a set of processes can use. Candidates describe how Oracle Linux 8 implements cgroups and control resources through systemd.
Skills tested
- Describe the cgroups v2 hierarchy under /sys/fs/cgroup/.
- Explain how slice units and scope units group services and processes.
- Limit the CPU and memory of a service with systemctl set-property.
Questions by topic
- Controlling access to system resources with systemd2
- Controlling access to system resources with systemd slices2
- Describe systemd slice units and scope units2
- Describe control group implementation in Linux 81
Container Services12 questions
This domain covers containers with Podman and the basics of Kubernetes. Candidates pull images and run containers, then describe and create pods and other Kubernetes resources.
Skills tested
- Pull an image from a registry and run it with Podman, with port mapping and a volume.
- Explain the daemon-less design of Podman.
- Describe nodes, clusters and pods, and create pods, deployments and ConfigMaps with kubectl.
Questions by topic
- Running containers with Podman4
- Advanced Podman networking2
- Building and pushing container images with Podman2
- Describe container concepts and Podman configuration2
- Pull an image and run a container with Podman2
Linux Auditing System6 questions
The audit system records security events, such as each access to a watched file. Candidates configure auditd, write audit rules with auditctl, and query the audit log.
Skills tested
- Add a file watch and a system call rule with auditctl.
- Keep audit rules in place across reboots.
- Search events with ausearch and summarize them with aureport.
Questions by topic
- Configuring audit rules with auditctl3
- Configuring persistent audit rules2
- Use the auditctl command to configure audit rules1
Requirements
- No formal prerequisites: anyone can book the exam.
- Recommended: day-to-day work with Oracle Linux or another Linux distribution.
- Recommended: hands-on time installing, configuring and monitoring Linux systems, including Oracle Linux 8 features.
About the 1Z0-106 exam
1Z0-106 is Oracle's exam for administrators who deploy, configure and run Oracle Linux 8 servers in production. Its 21 topic areas reach well past daily basics, into Ksplice kernel updates, SELinux, control groups, Podman containers and the Linux Auditing System. Many objectives name the exact tool to use, such as sysctl, nmcli, journalctl or auditctl. The certification it earns is Oracle Certified Professional Oracle Linux 8 System Administrator.
The PlanetCert practice test covers all 21 topic areas, and Monitoring and Troubleshooting Linux has the most questions. The explanations show what a command changes and whether the change survives a reboot, as with kernel parameters set through sysctl. Flashcard Mode suits the long list of utilities, from mpstat and iotop to ausearch and aureport. Brainy AI Assistant can explain an SELinux denial, or how a slice unit differs from a scope unit.
How to earn the certification
- Earns
- Oracle Certified Professional Oracle Linux 8 System AdministratorProfessional
How to prepare for 1Z0-106
- 1
Run two Oracle Linux 8 machines
Install Oracle Linux 8 in two virtual machines, one as a server and one as a client. NFS, the automounter and SSH tunnels need both ends. Take a snapshot before risky changes such as GRUB 2 edits.
- 2
Turn every objective into a task
Oracle's exam page lists 21 topic areas, each with short objectives. Do each objective once by hand, from creating a chroot jail to querying the audit log with ausearch.
- 3
Break the storage, then repair it
Build LVM volumes, a software RAID array and a LUKS-encrypted partition. Then fail a RAID member with mdadm, rebuild it, and grow a logical volume and its XFS filesystem while it is mounted.
- 4
Cause SELinux denials on purpose
Move a file so it keeps the wrong context, or run a service on a new port. Read the denial, then fix it with restorecon, a port context or a boolean, and confirm with getenforce that the mode stayed enforcing.
- 5
Cover the areas, then add a timer
Work through the 1Z0-106 practice test one topic area at a time in Study Mode, then take a full run in Timed Mode. Ask Brainy AI Assistant about each missed command, and repeat it in the lab.
Start a timed 1Z0-106run
Oracle recommends the Oracle Linux 8: System Administration learning path as optional preparation. It is also part of Oracle's IT Infrastructure Learning Subscription.
Who 1Z0-106 is for
- Linux administrators who run Oracle Linux 8 servers in production.
- DevOps engineers who script server builds and run Podman containers on Oracle Linux.
- Support engineers who diagnose boot, storage and network faults on Oracle Linux servers.
- Administrators from another Linux distribution who now look after Oracle Linux systems.
Typical job titles: Linux administrator · Oracle Linux administrator · Systems engineer · DevOps engineer · Infrastructure engineer · Support engineer
1Z0-106 glossary
18 terms from the exam objectives and the vendor's official material, each defined in a sentence.
- anacron
- A scheduler for daily, weekly and monthly jobs that runs missed jobs later, which suits machines that are not always on.
- auditctl
- The command that adds, removes and lists the rules of the Linux Auditing System while it runs.
- automounter
- The autofs service that mounts a share when someone opens its directory, and unmounts it after a period of no use.
- chrony
- The service that keeps the system clock in step with time servers over NTP.
- chroot jail
- A setup that runs a program with a chosen directory as its root, so the program cannot reach the rest of the file system.
- Control Groups (Cgroups)
- A kernel feature that groups processes and limits how much CPU, memory and I/O each group can use.
- firewalld
- A firewall service that assigns interfaces and rules to zones. Its command-line tool is firewall-cmd.
- GRUB 2
- The bootloader that Oracle Linux 8 uses to load the kernel and the initramfs at startup.
- Logical Volume Management (LVM)
- A storage layer that pools disks into volume groups and divides them into logical volumes that can grow later.
- NetworkManager
- The service that manages network connections on Oracle Linux 8. Its command-line tool is nmcli.
- nftables
- The Linux packet filtering framework that holds its rules in tables and chains, managed with the nft command.
- Oracle Ksplice
- An Oracle tool that applies kernel security updates to a running system, so the server does not need a reboot.
- Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM)
- A framework that lets the administrator choose, for each program, which modules check a user's password and account.
- Podman
- A container engine that pulls images and runs containers without a central background daemon.
- SELinux booleans
- On and off switches that change parts of the SELinux policy without writing a new policy.
- sysctl
- The utility that reads and changes kernel parameters while the system runs.
- systemd
- The first process that starts at boot. It starts and manages services and other units, such as targets and slices.
- User private group
- A scheme in which each new user gets a group of the same name that holds only that user.