A federally regulated telecommunications company in Canada launches a new mobile application. To enhance user experience, the app collects geolocation data, even when running in the background. The initial consent banner simply states, 'This app collects data to improve services.' The Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) launches an investigation. Which core principle of PIPEDA is most likely the primary focus of the OPC's findings of non-compliance?
A Vancouver-based technology startup processes all its customer data, including personal information of EU residents, using cloud servers located in Ontario. The company suffers a data breach affecting individuals in both British Columbia and Germany. Under which regulations does the company have a mandatory breach notification obligation? (Select TWO)
A new federal government program is being developed to provide digital identity services to Canadian citizens. This program will involve collecting sensitive biometric data and linking it to various other government databases. According to the Treasury Board of Canada's policies, what is the primary privacy compliance tool that must be completed before the program is launched?
In Ontario, a patient is treated by a specialist at a hospital. The specialist shares the patient's diagnostic results with the patient's family physician to ensure continuity of care. The patient had not explicitly forbidden this sharing but also did not provide express written consent. This sharing of information is permissible under PHIPA based on what concept?
True or False: The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms explicitly contains a right to privacy, which is the primary source of all privacy legislation in Canada.
An organization based in Quebec is updating its privacy policies to comply with Law 25. The new law requires the designation of a person in charge of the protection of personal information. By default, who holds this title if no one is formally designated?
A marketing firm in Toronto sends out a monthly newsletter via email. A recipient, who has an existing business relationship with the firm from a transaction 18 months ago, clicks the 'unsubscribe' link. The firm's system fails to process the request, and the recipient receives another newsletter the following month. Which Canadian law has the firm most likely violated?
A journalist working for a national newspaper obtains personal information about a politician from a confidential source and includes it in a published article. The politician files a complaint with the Privacy Commissioner, alleging a violation of PIPEDA. What is the most likely outcome of this complaint?
**Case Study** A national Canadian retail chain, 'MapleLeaf Mart,' headquartered in Ontario, operates stores across Canada, including in Alberta, British Columbia, and Quebec. The company wants to implement a new cloud-based Human Resources platform to manage employee data, including performance reviews, payroll information, and health benefits claims. The chosen vendor is based in the United States, and data will be processed and stored on servers in Virginia. The project team is aware of the cross-border data transfer but is unsure of the specific compliance steps required. The Chief Privacy Officer (CPO) has been tasked with creating a compliance plan. The primary goals are to ensure employee data is protected to a Canadian standard and to meet all legal obligations. Which of the following actions is the MOST critical first step for the CPO to take to ensure compliance under PIPEDA?
The CSA Model Code for the Protection of Personal Information forms the basis of Schedule 1 of PIPEDA. Its principles were derived from a set of internationally recognized guidelines. What is the name of this original set of guidelines?