Certified Wireless Analysis Professional (CWAP) Free Sample Questions

The Listen Interval field in an Association Request frame indicates how often a STA in power save mode wakes up to listen to Beacon frames. This value is measured in beacon intervals and tells the AP how many beacon periods the STA will remain asleep before waking to check for buffered frames. Active scanning probe response timing and off-channel scanning are not related to this field, and it has no connection to ACK timeouts. Reference: https://mrncciew.com/2014/10/28/802-11-mgmt-association-reqresponse/

An RST frame should be acknowledged by an ACK frame according to 802.11 protocol specifications. All unicast frames in 802.11 require acknowledgment to ensure reliable delivery, and RST frames follow this standard acknowledgment procedure. CTS frames are used in RTS/CTS exchanges, BlockAck is for aggregated frames, and RTS-Ack is not a valid frame type in 802.11.

The statement that the DTIM interval can dictate when an STA will wake up to listen to beacon frames is NOT true. STAs use their Listen Interval setting, not the DTIM interval, to determine wake-up timing for beacon reception. DTIM (Delivery Traffic Indication Map) is used to indicate when buffered broadcast/multicast traffic will be transmitted, and while every beacon contains a TIM, not every beacon contains a DTIM.

Open System authentication is the default 802.11 authentication method when using Pre-RSNA (pre-Robust Security Network Architecture). This method provides no actual security verification and simply involves a two-frame exchange where the AP accepts any authentication request. Shared Key authentication requires WEP, while 4-Way Handshake and PSK are part of RSNA, not Pre-RSNA. Reference: https://www.eefocus.com/book/08-06/435201276057579.htmI

The GTK (Group Temporal Key) is encrypted within the fourth frame of the 4-Way Handshake. This frame is sent from the authenticator to the supplicant and contains the group key encrypted with the PTK. The PMK and PTK are not transmitted in frames but derived through the handshake process, and the GMK (Group Master Key) is used to derive the GTK but is not transmitted directly.

A Swept Spectrogram plot in a spectrum analyzer displays the duty cycle in the frequency domain. This visualization shows how much time each frequency is active over a given period, representing the percentage of time that energy is present at specific frequencies. RF time domain and frequency over time are different types of plots, and Wi-Fi device information is not displayed in spectrograms.