A financial services firm is adopting a cloud operating model and wants to implement Infrastructure as Code (IaC) using Terraform. The development team is distributed globally. During initial testing, developers storing the `terraform.tfstate` file on their local machines caused frequent overwrites and configuration drift. Which action represents the most robust and secure solution to this problem?
A development team is building a new cloud-native application. They have embedded database connection strings, API keys, and other credentials directly into their container images for simplicity. Which two Twelve-Factor App principles are being violated by this practice? (Select TWO)
A large enterprise is struggling with a siloed organizational structure where Development, QA, and Operations teams work independently. This has resulted in long deployment cycles, frequent integration issues, and a culture of blame. As a cloud architect, which organizational change is most critical for a successful workforce transformation towards a cloud-native model?
A European retail company wants to leverage services from both AWS and Azure to avoid vendor lock-in and use best-of-breed services for analytics and AI. They also need to maintain a private cloud for processing sensitive customer data in their on-premises data center. Which term best describes their overall cloud strategy?
A team is conducting a value stream mapping exercise for their software delivery process. They have identified several stages and the average time spent in each. The analysis reveals that a feature request waits in a backlog for 30 days before development starts, development takes 5 days, testing takes 3 days, and deployment takes 1 day. However, the code spends 10 days waiting for a manual security review between development and testing. What is the lead time for this process?
True or False: In a Twelve-Factor App, administrative or management tasks, such as database migrations, should be handled by SSHing into a production server and running scripts manually.
A healthcare organization is modernizing its monolithic patient records application. Due to strict regulatory requirements and the complexity of the system, a complete rewrite is not feasible in the short term. The organization wants to incrementally migrate functionality to new microservices. Which application modernization approach is best suited for this scenario?
When designing a disaster recovery (DR) strategy for a critical cloud service, a business analyst has defined a Recovery Point Objective (RPO) of 15 minutes and a Recovery Time Objective (RTO) of 1 hour. What do these two metrics signify?
An organization is transitioning from a traditional IT model, where infrastructure is procured and managed as a capital expenditure (CapEx), to a public cloud model. How does this shift primarily impact financial planning?
A government agency is implementing a new cloud governance framework. A key requirement is to enforce tagging standards on all new resources to track costs by department. Additionally, they want to prevent the deployment of overly expensive virtual machine instances in development environments. Which cloud governance concept is BEST suited to automate the enforcement of these policies?